1. Which of the following is a type of real-time operating system?

• Batch OS
• RTOS
• Time Sharing OS
• Distributed OS

2. What is the main purpose of a semaphore in an operating system?

• A. Process creation
• B. Memory allocation
• C. Synchronization
• D. CPU scheduling

3. Which normal form removes partial dependency in DBMS?

• A. 1NF
• B. 2NF
• C. 3NF
• D. BCNF

4. Which of the following is a connection-oriented protocol?

• A. UDP
• B. IP
• C. TCP
• D. HTTP

5. Which of these is not a feature of Object-Oriented Programming?

• A. Encapsulation
• B. Abstraction
• C. Compilation
• D. Polymorphism

6. Which scheduling algorithm is best suited for time-sharing systems?

• A. FCFS
• B. SJF
• C. Round Robin
• D. Priority Scheduling

7. What is the purpose of normalization in DBMS?

• A. Reduce redundancy
• B. Increase speed
• C. Backup data
• D. Encrypt data

8. Which of these is not a feature of Object-Oriented Programming?

• A. Encapsulation
• B. Abstraction
• C. Compilation
• D. Polymorphism

9. Which scheduling algorithm is best suited for time-sharing systems?

• A. FCFS
• B. SJF
• C. Round Robin
• D. Priority Scheduling

10. What is the purpose of normalization in DBMS?

• A. Reduce redundancy
• B. Increase speed
• C. Backup data
• D. Encrypt data

11. In computer networks, what does DNS stand for?

• A. Data Name Service
• B. Domain Name System
• C. Digital Network System
• D. Domain Network Service

12. Which keyword is used to inherit a class in C++?

• A. inherits
• B. base
• C. super
• D. public

13. Which of the following OS concepts allows multiple processes to execute simultaneously?

• A. Multiprogramming
• B. Multiprocessing
• C. Multithreading
• D. Time-sharing

14. What is a foreign key in relational databases?

• A. A unique identifier for records
• B. A key that references the primary key in another table
• C. A key that stores encrypted data
• D. None of the above

15. Which of the following layers deals with routing in the OSI model?

• A. Transport Layer
• B. Network Layer
• C. Session Layer
• D. Data Link Layer

16. What is polymorphism in OOP?

• A. Binding code at runtime
• B. Having multiple functions with the same name
• C. Both A and B
• D. None of the above

18. What is a deadlock in OS?

• A. When multiple processes run simultaneously
• B. When processes wait indefinitely for resources
• C. When memory runs out
• D. When OS crashes

19. What does ACID stand for in the context of databases?

• A. Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
• B. Accuracy, Clarity, Integrity, Durability
• C. Array, Column, Index, Data
• D. None of the above

20. Which of the following is a transport layer protocol in the TCP/IP model?

• A. HTTP
• B. UDP
• C. FTP
• D. DNS

1. What is the kernel of an operating system?

• A. Application Software
• B. Interface between user and hardware
• C. Hardware
• D. Library

2. What does SQL stand for?

• A. Structured Query Language
• B. Structured Question Language
• C. Simple Query Language
• D. None of the above

3. Which device operates at the data link layer?

• A. Router
• B. Switch
• C. Repeater
• D. Gateway

4. What is function overloading?

• A. Two functions with same name and parameters
• B. Two functions with same name but different parameters
• C. Two functions with different names
• D. None of the above

5. Which of the following is not an ACID property?

• A. Atomicity
• B. Consistency
• C. Isolation
• D. Compression

6. Which protocol is used to send emails?

• A. FTP
• B. SMTP
• C. SNMP
• D. HTTP

7. What is inheritance in OOP?

• A. Acquiring data only
• B. Acquiring properties and behaviors of another class
• C. Acquiring variables only
• D. None of the above

8. What is the role of the Process Control Block in OS?

• A. Stores process state information
• B. Controls memory usage
• C. Manages hardware interrupts
• D. Provides GUI

9. Which SQL command is used to remove a table from the database?

• A. DELETE
• B. DROP
• C. ERASE
• D. REMOVE

10. Which layer of the OSI model handles error detection?

• A. Network Layer
• B. Transport Layer
• C. Data Link Layer
• D. Session Layer

11. Which of these is a type of constructor in OOP?

• A. Private Constructor
• B. Copy Constructor
• C. Dynamic Constructor
• D. All of the above

12. What is a page fault in OS?

• A. Error in page table
• B. Page is not in memory
• C. Disk is full
• D. None of the above

13. Which SQL clause is used to filter results?

• A. ORDER BY
• B. GROUP BY
• C. WHERE
• D. FROM

14. What is latency in computer networks?

• A. Bandwidth
• B. Transmission speed
• C. Delay in data transfer
• D. Packet loss

15. What is encapsulation in OOP?

• A. Hiding internal details
• B. Showing only important info
• C. Binding data & functions together
• D. Both A and C

16. What is the purpose of the OS scheduler?

• A. Manage memory
• B. Schedule processes
• C. Handle files
• D. Connect hardware

17. What is the output of SELECT COUNT(*) FROM students?

• A. Sum of rows
• B. Total number of columns
• C. Number of students
• D. Average of rows

18. What does TCP stand for?

• A. Transfer Control Protocol
• B. Transmission Control Protocol
• C. Transport Communication Protocol
• D. None of the above

19. What is dynamic binding in OOP?

• A. Compile-time polymorphism
• B. Run-time polymorphism
• C. Overloading
• D. Function overloading

20. Which OS is used for real-time systems?

• A. Batch OS
• B. Network OS
• C. Real-Time OS (RTOS)
• D. Distributed OS

1. What is the function of the Process Control Block?

• A. Memory allocation
• B. Process scheduling
• C. Stores process information
• D. File management

2. Which of these is a valid schedule in DBMS?

• A. Non-serializable
• B. Serializable
• C. Cascading
• D. Recoverable

3. Which protocol provides reliable data transfer in TCP/IP?

• A. UDP
• B. TCP
• C. IP
• D. FTP

4. Which keyword is used to prevent inheritance in C++?

• A. sealed
• B. protected
• C. final
• D. private

5. Which of the following is a disk scheduling algorithm?

• A. FCFS
• B. SSTF
• C. SCAN
• D. All of the above

6. Which of the following normal forms eliminates transitive dependency?

• A. 1NF
• B. 2NF
• C. 3NF
• D. BCNF

7. Which topology connects all nodes to a central hub?

• A. Mesh
• B. Ring
• C. Bus
• D. Star

8. Which concept allows multiple forms of a function?

• A. Abstraction
• B. Encapsulation
• C. Inheritance
• D. Polymorphism

9. Which type of memory is volatile?

• A. ROM
• B. RAM
• C. HDD
• D. SSD

10. Which command is used to see active TCP connections?

• A. ipconfig
• B. netstat
• C. ping
• D. arp

11. Which OS component loads first?

• A. Shell
• B. Kernel
• C. Command Interpreter
• D. File System

12. Which of the following ensures atomicity in transactions?

• A. Deadlock
• B. Schedulers
• C. Logs
• D. Shadow Paging

13. Which device breaks up collision domains in a network?

• A. Hub
• B. Router
• C. Switch
• D. Repeater

14. What does the ‘this’ keyword refer to in C++?

• A. Current class name
• B. Class type
• C. Current object
• D. Class scope

15. What is thrashing in Operating Systems?

• A. High CPU usage
• B. High disk utilization
• C. Excessive paging
• D. High memory allocation

16. Which type of join returns matching rows from both tables?

• A. Left Join
• B. Right Join
• C. Inner Join
• D. Outer Join

17. Which protocol resolves IP to MAC address?

• A. ARP
• B. RARP
• C. ICMP
• D. DNS

18. Which keyword in C++ is used to derive a class?

• A. base
• B. extends
• C. inherits
• D. public

19. Which scheduling algorithm gives minimum average waiting time?

• A. FCFS
• B. SJF
• C. Round Robin
• D. Priority

20. What does HTTP stand for?

• A. Hyper Transfer Text Protocol
• B. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
• C. High Text Transfer Protocol
• D. Hyper Tool Transfer Protocol

1. Which of the following is responsible for process scheduling in an OS?

• A. File system
• B. Scheduler
• C. Memory manager
• D. Device driver

2. Which SQL clause is used to filter records?

• A. WHERE
• B. ORDER BY
• C. GROUP BY
• D. HAVING

3. Which layer of the OSI model provides error detection?

• A. Application Layer
• B. Presentation Layer
• C. Data Link Layer
• D. Network Layer

4. Which OOP concept allows different classes to be treated as one type?

• A. Inheritance
• B. Encapsulation
• C. Polymorphism
• D. Abstraction

5. Which protocol is used for secure communication over the internet?

• A. HTTP
• B. FTP
• C. HTTPS
• D. SMTP

6. Which of the following is not a type of operating system?

• A. Batch
• B. Real-time
• C. Distributed
• D. Compiler

7. Which of the following is a DDL command?

• A. INSERT
• B. SELECT
• C. DELETE
• D. CREATE

8. Which data structure uses FIFO?

• A. Stack
• B. Queue
• C. Tree
• D. Graph

9. What does DNS translate?

• A. IP to domain name
• B. MAC to IP
• C. Domain name to IP
• D. None of the above

10. Which function is called when an object is created in C++?

• A. Destructor
• B. Getter
• C. Constructor
• D. Setter

11. What is the purpose of the OS scheduler?

• A. Memory management
• B. Process execution
• C. I/O operations
• D. Deadlock handling

12. Which SQL keyword is used to sort result-set?

• A. WHERE
• B. SORT
• C. ORDER BY
• D. GROUP BY

13. TCP stands for?

• A. Transmission Control Protocol
• B. Transfer Control Protocol
• C. Transparent Communication Protocol
• D. Transfer Communication Protocol

14. What is encapsulation?

• A. Hiding data
• B. Showing data
• C. Copying data
• D. Encrypting data

15. What does FTP stand for?

• A. File Transfer Protocol
• B. Fast Transfer Protocol
• C. File Tree Protocol
• D. None of the above

16. What is a class in OOP?

• A. A variable
• B. A method
• C. A blueprint of an object
• D. A constructor

17. Which command is used to remove a table in SQL?

• A. REMOVE TABLE
• B. DROP TABLE
• C. DELETE TABLE
• D. ERASE TABLE

18. Which of these is used for client-server communication?

• A. UDP
• B. FTP
• C. TCP
• D. SMTP

19. In DBMS, which key uniquely identifies each record?

• A. Foreign Key
• B. Unique Key
• C. Super Key
• D. Primary Key

20. What is the full form of OOP?

• A. Object-Oriented Programming
• B. Operation-Oriented Program
• C. Objective-Oriented Protocol
• D. Object Operational Program

1. Define process and thread in Operating Systems.

Answer: A process is an instance of a program in execution, while a thread is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by the scheduler.

2. What is normalization? Explain 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF.

Answer: Normalization is the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy.

• 1NF: Eliminates repeating groups.
• 2NF: Removes partial dependencies.
• 3NF: Removes transitive dependencies.

3. Compare TCP and UDP protocols.

Answer: TCP is connection-oriented, reliable, and ensures delivery, while UDP is connectionless, faster, but doesn’t guarantee delivery.

4. What are the basic principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

Answer: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Abstraction, and Polymorphism.

5. Explain the differences between primary key and foreign key in DBMS.

Answer: Primary key uniquely identifies each record. Foreign key is a field that links to the primary key in another table.

6. What is virtual memory?

Answer: Virtual memory is a memory management technique that gives an application the impression it has contiguous working memory while in reality, it may be fragmented across physical memory and disk.

7. Define deadlock. Mention necessary conditions for deadlock.

Answer: Deadlock is a situation where processes are waiting indefinitely for resources. Conditions: Mutual Exclusion, Hold and Wait, No Preemption, Circular Wait.

8. What is DNS and its role in networking?

Answer: DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

9. What are the differences between GET and POST methods in HTTP?

Answer: GET sends data via URL, is cached, and has length restrictions. POST sends data in body, is not cached, and has no size limit.

10. What is two-phase commit protocol in DBMS?

Answer: It's a distributed algorithm ensuring all participating databases in a transaction either commit or rollback together.

11. Explain paging and segmentation in memory management.

Answer: Paging divides memory into fixed-size pages, segmentation divides it into logical segments like code, stack, etc.

12. What is encapsulation in OOP?

Answer: Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit or class, and restricting access to some components.

13. What is ARP and its role in networking?

Answer: ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) maps an IP address to a MAC address in a local network.

14. What is thread-safe code?

Answer: Thread-safe code is designed to function correctly during simultaneous execution by multiple threads.

15. Explain the concept of primary memory and secondary memory.

Answer: Primary memory (RAM) is fast and volatile. Secondary memory (Hard drives, SSDs) is slower but permanent.

16. What is the difference between overloading and overriding?

Answer: Overloading is defining multiple functions with the same name but different parameters. Overriding replaces a parent class method in the subclass.

17. What is a transaction in DBMS?

Answer: A transaction is a logical unit of work that must be completed entirely or not at all, maintaining database consistency.

18. Explain class and object in OOP.

Answer: A class is a blueprint or template. An object is an instance of a class containing real data and functions.

19. What is a socket in computer networks?

Answer: A socket is an endpoint for communication between two machines over a network.

20. What is the function of the transport layer?

Answer: It provides end-to-end communication services for applications and ensures reliable data transfer.

21. What is deadlock prevention?

Answer: Deadlock prevention ensures at least one of the necessary conditions for deadlock never holds true.

22. What is polymorphism in OOP?

Answer: Polymorphism means the same function name behaves differently in different contexts, either by overriding or overloading.

23. What is an index in DBMS?

Answer: An index improves the speed of data retrieval operations by reducing the number of disk accesses.

24. What is cache memory?

Answer: Cache is a small, fast memory that stores frequently accessed data to speed up operations.

25. What is abstraction in OOP?

Answer: Abstraction hides complex implementation details and shows only essential features to the user.

26. What is a firewall?

Answer: A firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing traffic based on predefined rules.

27. What is time-sharing in OS?

Answer: Time-sharing is a multitasking method that allows multiple users to share system resources simultaneously by giving them time slices.

28. What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

Answer: A compiler converts code into machine code before execution. An interpreter converts and executes code line-by-line.

29. What is an IP address?

Answer: An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to each device on a network, allowing communication.

30. What is a semaphore?

Answer: A semaphore is a synchronization tool used to control access to a common resource in concurrent systems.